Changing the Target Audience in Retail Sales

On average, old consumers devote 39 percent of their retail intake to department stock products and services, while for junior consumers the average is only 25 percent. Since the tote up of old people volition increase dramatically within the beside ecstasy, department stores can assume retail gross revenue to increase significantly during that period. Furthermore, to take advantage of the trend, these stores should vex to supercede some of those products indecadeded to appeal the young consumer with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumer. probe 1 The melodic phrase that department retail sales allow for increase in the contiguous 10 years and and so department stores should begin to replace products to attract middle-aged consumers is not entirely logically convert, since it omits certain(prenominal) crucial assumptions First of all, the argument veers the absolute tot up of retail consumption of middle-aged and jr. consumers devoted to depart ment store products and services.Although jr. consumers flatten a smaller percentage of their retail expenditure to department store products than do the middle-aged consumers, they top executive actually spend more in terms of the absolute amount. Even if middle-aged consumers ar spending more than jr. ones in department stores, the argument ignores the casualty that the trend may change within the following(a) decade. Younger consumers might prefer to shop in department stores than in other types of stores, and middle-aged consumers might turn to other types of stores, too.This exit lead to a high expenditure of younger consumers in department stores than that of middle-aged consumers. Besides, the argument neer addresses the tribe difference between middle-aged consumers and younger ones. Suppose in that respect ar more younger consumers than the middle-aged ones now, the total population arse of younger consumers will be bigger than that of the middle-aged ones if bo th of them adopt at the alike(p) rate in the next decade. Thus at that place will be a bigger younger consumer base. Based on the reasons I listed above, the argument is not completely sound.The evidence in live of the conclusion does little to prove the conclusion since it does not address the assumptions I shake up already raised. Ultimately, the argument might have been more convincing by fashioning it clear that the absolute population of middle-aged consumers are higher than that of the younger consumers and the number will continue to grow in the next decade, and that the middle-aged consumers will continue to spend more coin in department stores than younger consumers do in the next decade. try on 2The argument that retailers should replace some of the products intended to attract the younger consumers with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumers is not entirely logically convincing, since it ignores certain crucial assumptions. First, the argument omit s the assumption that the business volumes of both the middle-aged consumers and the younger consumers are the same. If the business volume of the middle-aged consumers 39% is smaller than that of the younger consumers 25%, the retail sales will not increase during the next decade.Second, even if the business volumes of both the middle-aged consumers and the younger consumers were the same in the last decade, the increase of the middle-aged people in the next decade is not the same as the increase of the retail expenditure, for the retail carry on depends more on such factors as the economic circumstances, peoples consuming desire. Finally, the argument never assumes the increase of the younger consumers within the next decade.If the younger consumers increase at the same rate and spend the same amount of money on the goods and services of department stores, the retailers should never ignore them. Thus the argument is not completely sound. The evidence in concur of the conclusion that the growing number of middle-aged people within the next decade does little to prove the conclusionthat department stores should begin to replace some of their products to attract the middle-aged consumers since it does not address the assumptions I have already raised.Ultimately, the argument might have been strengthened by making it clear that the business volumes of both types of consumers are the same and comparable, that the increase of a certain type of consumers are correlated with the increase of the retail sales, and that the harvesting rate of the younger consumers are the same as that of the middle-aged consumers. Essay 3 Based on an pass judgment increase in the number of middle-aged people during the next decade, the author predicts that retail sales at department stores will increase significantly over the next ten years.To bolster this prediction, the author cites statistics showing that middle-aged people devote a much higher percentage of their retail expendi ture to department-store services and products than younger consumers do. Since the number of middle-aged consumers is on the rise and since they spend more than younger people on department-store goods and services, the author further recommends that department stores begin to change their inventories to capitalize on this trend.Specifically, it is recommended that department stores increase their inventory of products aimed at middle-aged consumers and decrease their inventory of products aimed at younger consumers. This argument is problematic for deuce reasons. First, an increase in the number of middle-aged people does not inevitably portend an overall increase in department-store sales. It does so only on the assumption that other population groups will remain relatively constant.For example, if the expected increase in the number of middle-aged people is offset by an equally significant decrease in the number of younger people, there will be little or no net pull ahead in sales. Second, in recommending that department stores replace products intended to attract younger consumers with products more suitable to middle-aged consumers, the author assumes that the number of younger consumers will not also increase.Since a sizable increase in the population of younger consumers could conceivably offset the difference in the retail expenditure patterns of younger and middle-aged consumers, it would be unwise to make the recommended inventory allowance lacking evidence to support this assumption. In conclusion, this argument is unacceptable. To strengthen the argument the author would have to provide evidence that the population of younger consumers will remain relatively constant over the next decade.

Paramore †‘Now’ Video Analysis Essay

1. Are there any(prenominal) generic conventions? (eg stage performance in a metal ikon, spring rotine for a boy striation, cutting to the beat) Are there any conventions from other genres?This movie is non very generic of the genre of rock music. In parity to other Para more tvs there isnt an element of stage performance in a studio or any instruments involved. In most of their over-the-hill motion pictures they have been in a concert fashion set-up studio or location miming along to a ballad with bright lights and colorful makeup whilst minor storylines happen around them.Instead this video is set in a battlefield filled with dirty- clothed enemies, dust and rotten vegetation, make them the storyline. This has often been d star in pop music videos such as Battlefield by Jordin Sparks and Jar Of Hearts by Christina Perri. In a previous Paramore video for crushcrushcrush they were in a similar dusty panorama miming along to the song and allowing people to smash up their attire. I face that as the circle have a fresh start and gravel to produce more mainstream music their videos leave just become less stereotyped of rock music and the bands previous self.I feel that this video has some elements of pop music, using dumbbell bombs and colour demolishOne thing that is often seen in a rock video is the use of force- prohibited and gore/ assembly line. In this video there is violence on the battle field but instead of using blood they re indicate it with coloured paint powder. I believe this is for many reasons, one to make it more light hearted but a alike(p) to show the bands old stereotype disappearing and new beginnings being leave officed.2. follow the style of this music video. What effect does it have? A sense of self-assertion has been created from the start of the video he is looking into the lens of the camera as if he was looking into the viewers eyes with a leisure facial expression and ignoring all the chaos and drama behind h im. This goes with the lyrics Thats no good to me, I dont need cipher which provokes the supposition of him telling us he doesnt need everything button on or anyone else around him, just his microphone and himself.The camera micturate mainly focuses on him allowing him to be the main area in the video and be the star. Its fun and upbeat like the song and the style of the video seems new and something never seen beforehand which refelects his music. The video uses stopmotion animation which is created by using thousands of individual images and playing them together slower than the normal video camera frame rate to add a cool effect. This allows objects in the video to have personalities and be able to move by themselves. It also looks unfeignedly cool where his t shirt flicks through colours whilst his miming is lighten in time. I think they did this to show he is what he is no matter what he looks like he can stillness be a rapper.3. Do the visuals illustrate, amplify or off er disjuncture with the lyrics? How does this take a shit and what do the visuals add?Cut to beatIts anarchy, with strange figures contend each-other with batons. This indicates that the enemy are in fact riot police which the band have strong ties with, their second album was named Riot due to the itinerary the creative energy during the albums creation seemed to burst out of them uncontrollably. I think this is clever because six years later, where instead of service to strengthen the band and their relationship with their fans, a riot is threatening to sprout it all apart after original band members leaving.Powdered smokeThe powdered smoke could represent a number of things creativity, life, love, or more literally, the blood of the allies that has been spilt during this fierce battle. If you take its intended meaning, conductor Daniel stain Campos wrote this message on his instagram below a photo of silhouettes in the smoke Smoke of love. Toxic to those who have hate in t heir hearts. Daniel Cloud Campos wanted it to represent love, but really, it could symbolise anything, as long as its positive.4. How are the performers represented?From the very opening shot, we are presented with two opposing forces Paramore represented by singer Hayley alone and the Captain. This shows that she is powerful and strong. A grenade is thrown causing an explosion knocking her unconscious she lies there not making an effort to move allowing people to get hurt around her. This shows that she is reckless and feisty going along with the lyrics dont pick up to take this from me, dont try to take this from me. Her band checkmate runs over to care her up she grabs his arm but dashes off before she gets to her feet as another band member tackles riot police to the ground. This shows unity, which is find out to the song as it was written nigh to past members leaving and how Paramore will strain on to produce music.The enemy turns his attention on Hayley, who is still in a undefendable state on the ground. She doesnt want to fight him. She just looks up at him in despondency. He sees how vulnerable she is, and seems to appreciate the way that she chooses not to fight buttocks, slowly lowering his baton, no longer wanting to threaten her. Her peer tackles the enemy, just in courtship he changes his mind. He also helps pick her up. She wouldnt be standing(a) right now if it werent for band mates, this also goes with the theme of the song. The idea of the three of them taking on the whole riot squad alone is an analogy of them taking on the music industry as a trio with no drummer, coinciding with the lyrics if theres a approaching we want it now.She looks hurt and confused by the chaos adventure around her. She spots the Captain from across the battlefield, and begins to walk towards him, not consumed by hatred or vengeance. She is calm and collected. Despite explosions and savage beatings getting really violent and bloody feet away from her, sh e doesnt flinch. She knows what she has to do to stop the fighting, and sets about to do it. This represents her feistiness, linking with the lyrics Im bringing my sinking ship back to the shore. The boys try to fight off people in her way, option the air with coloured powder and smoke.Hayley gets hit on the back of the power point with such force that it brings her to her knees. But its not an expression of material pain that is spread on her face its more emotional. It looks like she cant take anymore, she looks around nervously in an exploit to find her bandmates, who just stare at her helplessly, not knowing how to help or fight back. She looks to the Captain belting theres a time and the place to die, theres a time and the place to die as the music builds up. She runs to towards him shouting and this aint it, her band members begin to keep on reaching out to her crying that she comes back. All of this shows independence of her and how she will continue to achieve in her ca reer. She then runs and hugs the captain tightly causing him to release his baton and the battlefield clears of smoke, showing that they have achieved their future if theres a future we want it now.

Five Forces of Competition Essay

Air impress has changed the way people live and make love the world today. The skyway intentness is a strategic sector that plays a fundamental role in the globalization of other(a) industries since it promotes tourism, world trade, outside(prenominal) investment and, therefore, leads to sparing appendage.However, all air lanes within the diligence operate in a toweringly dynamic environment where divers(a) legal, social, technological and economic forces interact with each other, thus influencing their decisions and actions In the industry where airlines plunder construction severe financial distress due to oil crisis, recessions and terrorist attacks, In modulate to survive, as well as succeed, the business needs to assess its war-ridden environment and identify key factors that may influence its actions (Porter, 1998, p. 5). The airline industry is precise warring and Michael Porters five-forces assume laughingstock be utilise to analyse the intensity of the competition and the profitability of this industry. Porters five forces model is a business unit strategy woodpecker which is used to make an digest of the value of an industry structure (Hubbard, 2004, pg 35). The analysis is made by the identification of 5 fundamental emulous forces.These complicate Threat of new-fangled entrants is highOne of the forces identified by this model is the affright of new entrants which refers to the possibility of new competitors entering the industry and undermining the lucre of the established businesses. In the world today, the airline industry is so staring(a) that there is hardly space for a newcomer to enter the market. The biggest for this is the comprise of innovation. The airline industry is one of the almost expensive industries, due to the apostrophize of buying and leasing aircrafts, safety and security measures, customer service and manpower.Other barriers to entry which will recess new comers into the airline industry includ e regimen restrictions and high capital costs to develop new airlines. However, the entry barriers for new airlines is dispiriteder today since the Australian domestic airline market was deregulated in 1990. This has produced far greater competition than before deregulation in most markets.The deregulation has al unhopefuled Jetstar and tiger Airways enter the market and reduce the market sh atomic number 18 for virginal Blue and with the added competition, together with pricing freedom, means that there is a major onstraint on profitability for the airline industry. Moreover if borrowing is cut-price the likelihood of more airlines entering the industry is higher. Bargaining power of Buyers is high The bargain power of buyers is other force that can ingrain the combative position of a bon ton (Porter, 1998, p. 48). This refers to the amount of pressure customers can maculation on a business, thus, affecting its prices, volume and profit potential (Porter, 1998, p. 45).The various airlines flying from the Gold Coast airport are competing for the same customer, which too results in strengthening the buyer power. Individuals wishing to travel to and from the Coolangatta airport are presented with various choices when selecting an airline but price is usually the most of the essence(predicate) factor, especially for students and families. Hence, the bargaining power of customers in the airline industry is very high since they are price sensitive and search for the outgo deals available. utter(a) Blue attracts travellers that are price sensitive by offering them low fares and those that are convenience lie by providing them with frequent flights. Qantas on the other hand has created a frequent flyer program to create switch over costs which may be a significant factor to a traveller when choosing which airline to fly with. Bargaining Power of Suppliers is high Suppliers can also exercise considerable pressure on a company by increasing prices or l owering the quality of products offered which are primarily dominated by Boeing and Airbus.The bargaining power of suppliers depends on supplier concentration, fireman supplies, switching costs, curse of forward integration and buyer information. However, other suppliers who devise with the airline such as the providers of on board snacks do not have the same bargaining power as they are a larger industry which allows for Virgin Blue to have a choice over who they are purchasing from. Virgin Blue will obtain their on board snacks from the supplier which is the most economic so Virgin Blue can make a higher profit leeway from the goods when they are sold.Threat of Substitutes is low for international carriers/ little higher for abruptly distance The availability and threat of substitutes is another factor that can affect competition within the airline industry. It refers to the likelihood that customers may switch to another product or service that performs similar functions (St ahl, M, Grigsby D 1997, pg 145). Substitutes for air travel include travelling by train, bus or car to the want destination.The degree of this threat depends on various factors such as money, convenience, season and personal preference of travellers. The competition from substitutes is affected by the ease of with which buyers can change over to a substitute. A key consideration is usually the buyers switching costs, however due to their low fare non-stop flights, Virgin Blue, Jetstar and Tiger airways can lure both price sensitive and convenience oriented travellers away from these substitutes.Competitive Rivalry is highIndustries that are very competitive generally earn low profits and returns since the cost of competition is high. The airline industry is usually characterized by the cut-throat competition that exists among the rival airlines due to its low cost nature. Since the carriers are involved in a regular contest to take away the market share from each other, industry growth is average and as it is easy for buyers to switch between the airline companies, depending on price, the rivalry is increased.Rivalry is also high in the airline industry due to high fixed costs, as much of the cost of a flight is fixed, there is a great opportunity for airlines to sell unsold seats cheaply, which resolve in pricing wars between the airlines (Hubbard, 2004, pg 38). The airlines are continually competing against each other in terms of prices, technology, in-flight entertainment, customer services and many an(prenominal) more areas. The net result of this competition between companies is an overall in arrears market growth rate.In conclusion we can understand that the airline industry is very competitive and Michael Porters five-forces model can be used to explain why the potential for returns is so low in this industry. Firstly, the threat of new companies entering the industry is high and the entry barriers are low. Secondly, the bargaining power of custom ers is high since they are price sensitive and search for the best deals. The third force, bargaining position of suppliers, is strong since they are concentrated and this limits the mark airlines have over suppliers to reduce prices and earn higher profits.The availability and threat of substitutes is another factor that can affect a companys competitive position. However, the degree of this threat depends on various factors such as time, money, convenience and personal preferences of travellers. The final force in Porters model is competitive rivalry between the companies within an industry. Cut-throat competition exists among the airlines and since there is a constant struggle for market share, the over all profit potential of this industry is low.

Business Analysis – International Strategy and Competitive Advantages

Introduction correspond to Iliev et al (2004, p. 133), orchard apple tree Inc. was selling its products alone in America, initially. Nowadays, orchard apple tree has expanded significantly beyond domestic mart. orchard apple tree has so far succeeded to become a multinational organization, selling products and resourcing constabulary materials sphericly. To minimize the impact of the existing rivalry in the PC constancy at the global margin and to swan competitive advantage, orchard apple tree applies non-competition strategies, (Yoffie, 2004).This constituent examines the strategies pick out orchard apple tree Inc to penetrate and to manage rivalry in the global market. Further, this part looks into the competitive advantages of orchard apple tree Inc, which enable it to maintain competitive edge In the PC industry globally. In addition, paper briefly in high spiritslights the benefits and shortcomings of the strategies adopted by apple Inc, giving potential solutions an d strategies based on the lendable data. International strategy accord to Iliev et al (2004, p. 133), Apple Inc. ses a crew of product development and product proliferation strategies to achieve and maintain its international competitiveness. Iliev et al nones that, product proliferation strategy is similar to the approaches used in creating barriers to entry. In such an approach, if current niches develop, the leader in a given industry benefits most. For example, Apple got the first mover advantage in the digital music market where it was the first company to provide online music through iTunes and the iPod.The other companies in the industry started to move into the niche, competition was raised and rivalry decreased production development on the other hand refers to the process of innovation of new or break away products so as to replace the old ones. Apple has managed to lead in the PC industry in innovation and externalize and so, it has been able to exploit availabl e opportunities and to gain significant market shell out in the international market. For example, in 2002 and 2003, iTunes and the iPod were made available by Apple at windows version.As a result, demand for the products skyrocketed and helped to propel revenues for Apple to record high. In fact, today, iTunes account for 70% for global market for digital music downloads, (Jones, 2011). The combine of product development and product proliferation strategies is beneficial to Apple since the perceived mensurate of the products of Apple Inc. generated through innovation and outstanding design proves to be unreproducible competency. Thus, as much as this advantage exists, Apple will tarry to lead in the PC industry.However, the product proliferation strategy adopted by Apple Inc. a major shortcoming. According to Iliev et al (2004, p. 133), this tactic leads to high pressure for cost reduction and for local reactivity. This makes this approach the most rough to realize, but if a company succeeds, it can obtain a number 1 cost structure and also considerable take aim of customer acceptance. According to Iliev et al (2004, p. 133), Apple applies this approach, but, it has not yet come uponed the optimal point.As a result, the majority of computer owners in the global market do not know much about Apples technology. For Apple to attain appropriately low cost situation, it has to come up with ways to shake PC users in the global market from the very entry of their advanced and technological superiority. Competitive advantage Apple Inc faces great competition trunk other companies in the PC industry such as Dell, Compaq and Gateway. This forces Apple to come up with competitive strategies which best fits generic business level strategy in the industry life cycle (Lubeck et al, 2009, p. ). According Lubeck et al, Apple is keen to constantly watch the other players and tries to predict the step that each of them is likely to take in the future in order to be ahead of them. Further, Apple possesses competitive advantage in specific areas resulting from its classifiable competencies. First, Apple enhances the quality of its products through improved product design, (Iliev et al (2004, p. 135). According to Besanko et al, (2009, p. 362) this helps in creating honor through functionality and better product quality, thus principal to more pricing options and differentiation.Moreover, the Human Resource Department of Apple Inc facilitates it to chain superior quality since it recruits high skilled workforce that ultimately leads to better product quality, thereby also leading to more pricing options and differentiation. Also, the look and Development department of Apple Inc plays an important role as a source of superior innovation and comes up with new brands of products that create more value to the customers and enhances usability. As well, this factor results in more pricing options and to differentiation. Finally, the nurture sy stems in Apple Inc enhances internal communication and also, xternal coordination which in turn, optimizes business processes. This helps to contract costs due to increased efficiency. According to Iliev et al (2004, p. p. 135). Apple adopts a model which acknowledges these distinctive competencies and sets a business model which facilitates it to enforce and to ready its competitive advantage. Therefore, all these above competencies enable Apple Inc to achieve superior level of innovation, enhance quality of its products and increase efficiency in production, hence provide Apple with a competitive advantage.Conclusion In conclusion, Apple uses product a both product development and product proliferation strategies to achieve and maintain competitiveness in the global market. This approach is beneficial since the perceived value of the products of Apple Inc. generated through innovation and superior design proves to be irreproducible competency. However, this approach leads to hi gh pressure for cost reduction and for local responsiveness and hence, it becomes the most difficult approach to realize. As demonstrated in this part, Apple Inc. eeds to come up with ways to persuade PC users in the global market from the very entry of their innovative and technological superiority so as to attain the benefits of the strategy of cost reduction. As noted in the essay, Apple Inc. possesses various competencies including product design, branding, usability and internal communication and external coordination. These competencies enable Apple to attain a competitive advantage against the competitors. References Besanko, D. , Dranove, D. , Shanley, M. & Schaefer, S. (2009), Economics of Strategy, lavatory Wiley and Sons, New York Iliev V. , Lindinger, A. & Poettler G. , (2004), Apple Coputer Inc. Strategic audit, Retrieved from, http//www. andreaslindinger. net/downloads/strategicmgmts-lindingeretal. pdf Jones D. , (2011), Apple strives for global markets, Retrieved fro m, http//online. wsj. com/ name/SB10001424052748703302604575294530119152528. html Lubeck, B. , Niltz J. , Danforth, J. & Brannon J. , (2009), Apple Inc. creating and sustaining a competitive advantage, retrieved from,

Key Events in the Space Race Essay

The 60s were infamous for many rapidly changing aspects pertaining to varied topics at the date. The subject of space was unmatchable not to be odd over(p) behind. This decade would be one of the worlds golden ages of alien research and every aftermath during this time would be recorded into history. In a period most people know as the place step on it, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (USA) would compete for supremacy in space exploration. Most events occurred in this decade, just the period of the Space Race itself lasted from the 1957 to 1975.Sputnik 1, the worlds head start base artificial satellite, was launched on October 4th, 1957 by the USSR. Sputnik itself was a polished metal sphere, 23 in. in diameter, with four external receiving set antennae to broadcast radio pulses. It was sent into an elliptical, low- public orbit and provided scientists with information. Its purpose was to measure the parsimoniousness and composition of the upper atmosphere , as well as measuring solar radiation, magnetic fields, cosmic rays, etc. It motive powerled at about 18,000 mi. per hour, winning 96. 2 minutes to complete each orbit.Signals continued to reach earth for 22 days until the transmitter batteries ran out of energy on October 26, 1957. Sputnik ruin up on January 4, 1958 as it fell from orbit upon reentering Earths atmosphere. It travelled at about 43. 5 million miles and spent a total of 3 months in orbit. Although life had been sent into space before, Yuri Gagarin would be the first human to exit Earths atmosphere. He was born(p) on present 9, 1934 in a small village in the Soviet Union called Klushino.The cosmonaut boarded onto Vostok, a deceitfulness that consisted of a orbiculate descent module, 2. meters in diameter, which housed the spaceman, instruments, escape system, and a conical instrument module, containing dynamic and the engine system. Upon reentry into the Earths atmosphere, the cosmonaut would eject from the craft at about 7,000 m. and descend via parachute, while the capsule would land separately. Gagarins bearing to circle the Earth on April 12, 1961 lasted for 1 hour and 48 minutes. He was only 27 years old at the time and that was the first and last time he went into space, since he was too valued to radiate on a risky mission once again.Gagarin may have been the first human in space, but Alan Shepard became the first American to exit Earths atmosphere. He was born on November 18, 1923 in Derry, New Hampshire. Although the shoot was originally scheduled for October 1960, delays by unplanned preparatory work meant that this was postponed some(prenominal) times, initially to March 6, 1961 and finally to May 5. On April 12, 1961, Soviet astronaut Yuri Gagarin had become the first person in space and to orbit the Earth. On May 5, 1961, Shepard piloted the Freedom 7 mission and became the second person, and the first American, to travel into space.The suborbital flight only lasted a mere 15 minutes, but the launch was seen live by millions. while the USSR was showering in fame and glory, ahead of the US in the Space Race, Americas President tush F. Kennedy declared the dramatic and ambitious goal of sending a citizen safely to the Moon before the end of the decade on May 29, 1961. This was denote before a special joint session of Congress. This decision would briefly agitate the world forever in 1969. The Soviet Union left the United States in the dust again when they sent Alexey Leonov, a Russian cosmonaut, to become the first human to conduct a spacewalk on March 18, 1965.He was born on May 30, 1934 in Listvyanka, Kemerovo Oblast, USSR. His walk in space was originally to have taken place on the Vostok 11 mission, but this was cancelled, and the historic event happened on the Voskhod 2 flight instead. He was outside the spacecraft for 12 minutes and nine seconds, connected to the craft by a 5. 35 m. tether. America was humiliated once again in early 196 6 as it watched the USSR successfully land the worlds first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon. Luna 9 was launched on January 31, 1966 and set down on the Moons erupt on February 3, 1966.Its mission was to land safely on any meandering(a) body other than Earth and to transmit photographic data back. Signals lasted for 6 days until the last transmission was sent on February 6, 1966. The spotlight was go from the Soviet Union onto the US for once when the country launched the Apollo 11 mission, an event that would forever change history. The primary objective of Apollo 11 was to complete a national goal set by President John F. Kennedy on May 25, 1961 perform a juntoed lunar landing and return to Earth.The crew consisted of Neil Armstrong as the Commander, Michael Collins as Command Module Pilot, and Edwin Buzz E. Aldrin, younger as the Lunar Module Pilot. Apollo 11 was launched on July 16, 1969 and successfully landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969. Millions of Amer ican watched the event live on television. Armstrong set foot on the moon about and declared Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. A hardly a(prenominal) minutes later, Aldrin joined him. Together they collected soil samples and took photographs. They stayed on the moon for 21 hours.Many experiments were tested and 22 kilograms of lunar samples were collected. On July 24, the astronauts returned base aboard the command module Columbia, landing in the Pacific Ocean. On August 13, they rode in parades in their honor in New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles. Indeed, the time of the Space Race is one not to be forgotten by the world. The Soviet Union and United States must be well adjudge for all the effort spent on the study of space alone. While the USSR won some battles, the US won others. That, however, will never change the fact that they impacted the world, science, and history today.

Expansion in the 1840’s to 1850’s

EXPANSION IN THE 1840S AND 1850S 1. As our commonwealth flesh outed from 1845-1860 political leaders could non solve, evade or feed the question as to whether or non to exclusivelyow the expanding upon of hard workerry into the territories. MANIFEST DESTINY- had all twainplacetaken American justification for expansion- The US had the right and the obligation to expand to the Pacific. 1846- Americans fought an 18 month fight against Mexico that resulted in the acquisition of more than half of Mexico one third of the current US. 2. put d declare-on C.CALHOUN- FROM SOUTH CAROLINA Calhoun had been vice president under John Quincy Adams in 1825 and Andrew capital of Mississippi in 1829. He demote with capital of Mississippi and did non become his VP in 1833. The split was e very(prenominal)where THE TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS- a tariff passed in 1828, as Adams was leaving office, that levied very high protective tariffs on imports for the sole utilisation of protecting Am erican manufactures. It made foreign goods too expensive for the reciprocal ohm to buy. THIS WOULD LEAD TO EUROPE BUYING LESS OF THE SOUTHS artless PRODUCTS IN RETURN.At the time of the War of 1812 until 1828 Calhoun was a strong NATIONALIST. however as he saw more and more how the South was be treated he made a complete turn and became a FANATICAL REGIONALIST. As VP, after the Tariff of 1828 he wrote a path stylus in which he called for nullification of the tariff by gray stirs on the grounds that it was un built-in. This Theory of Nullification was first issued by Thomas Jefferson oer the debates on the Const. and the role of the federal vs. State Govern handsts. Jefferson and Madison had tried to put the theory into effect with theVirginia and Kentucky Resolutions in 1798, in which they declared that the Alien and insurrection Acts (forced in by Adams) pillaged the Bill of Rights- EXPLAIN THE ACTS and were un constitutional and could be nullified by any put up that ch ose to. Calhoun had little support for nullification. Jackson promised tariff relief. however the Tariff of 1832 provided little re exercise. Calhoun resigned as VP in 1832 and was select to the Senate from S. Carolina. S. Carolina called a special convention that on Nov. 24,1832 passed the Ordinance of Nullification ominous tariff collection in the State.When Calhouns nullification theory was established to the Senate it was argued that non ONLY COULD A STATE NULLIFY AND UNCONSTITUTIONAL LAW further THAT IT COULD ALSO, AS A LAST RESORT, SECEDE FROM THE UNION. 1832. Daniel Webster, a Senator from Mass. , defended the powers of the federal administration activity and said Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Nullification now carve up the nation over the issue of STATES RIGHTS- the will of a stir vs the equity of the nation. WHAT CALHOUN WAS REALLY FIGHTING FOR WAS PROTECTION OF thrall WHICH THEY FEARED COULD BE ABOLISHED BY A NORTHERN CONGRESS.That i s why as early as 1832 it was important to Calhoun and his supporters to adjudicate to have the doctrine of States Rights override the National will- Calhoun saw the will of the nation beingness watchled by the Yankee industrialists. THIS IS PROOF THAT TO THE SOUTH THE ISSUE OF hard workerRY WAS BOTH ECONOMIC AND CONSTITUTIONAL. Jackson, on Dec. 19,1832, declared the Tariff to be constitutional and denied the right of a state to block federal law. He be armed intervention to collect tariffs. sexual relation passed THE FORCE ACT- empowering the president to consumption force to collect tariffs.The South nullified the Force Act, simply via media was soon reached with a new tariff. tho- THE ISSUE OF STATES RIGHTS WOULD NOT GO AWAY. The Mexican war- northerly Democrats were ordain to annex Texas, a southerly state, since they expected Confederate support for Oregon. The 1844 parliamentary platform included a pledge to control the all area of Oregon- US and Britain jointly occupied the area from the 42 parallel to 54,40. The area desexualize around from the present day blue borders of atomic number 20 and Nevada to the gray border of Russian Alaska. From 1818 there was joint subscriber telegraph line.More Americans were gushy into the area and they wanted to become part of the US. 1845 Polk recommended termination of the joint occupation and our taking control of the entire area. The question would whether the Southern (Tenn. ) president and his Southern colleagues would support pardon dirt in Oregon as potently as they back up slave territory in Texas. The answer was NO- Polk was willing to go to war with Spain for Texas, AND ALL THE OTHER LAND, tho non with Eng domain over Oregon. So a compromise was reached with Britain at the 49th parallel. 2 northerly Democratic Senators voted against it, and only the unanimous support of the Whigs pushed it through. Northern democrats claimed Texas and Oregon were innate(p) in the same instant, nu rsed and cradlers in the same cradle, but having employ Northern votes to get Texas, the peculiar friends of Texas turned and were doing all they could to strangle Oregon. Northern Abolitionists saw the Mexican War as a means to expand thrall. In 1847 the Mass. legislature resolved that this unconstitutional war was being waged for the deuce-ace object of expanding slavery, of streng thereforeing the slave power, and of obtaining control of the free states. 3. Westward expansion would revive the issue of extension of slavery into the territories. Many white racists had already agreed that the Blacks could never be their intellectual, social, political or economic equals. around white Northerners opposed allowing slaves to be brought into territories acquired from Mexico. They devotioned that the spread of slavery into the west would deposit THEIR OPPORTUNITY TO SETTLE AND FARM ON THAT LAND. NORTHERNERS OPPOSED slaveRY IN THE TERRITORIES BOTH AS A LABOR SYSTEM AND THE BLACK ENSLAVED PEOPLE.By this time northern inglorious and white concourse emb washoutd the concept of the free labor brass- free men and women working to earn a lifetime and improve their lives. If the slave have goters gained a foothold for their UNFREE labor remains in the West then the future of the free labor system would be restricted or destroyed. 3. THE WILMOST PROVISO- During the Mexican War in 1846, Democratic congressman David Wilmot, introduced a bill into Congress to prohibit slavery in any territory we would get from Mexico. He felt that unforgivings would TAINT the territory and that the land should be reserved only for the white race. The total darkness race already occupy enough of this fair continentI would conserves for free white labor a fair countrywhere the sons of toil, of my own race and own color, can live without the disgrace which association with Negro slavery brings upon free labor. The supply was never passed into law, but white Southerners were en gaged at this attempt to stop them from enjoying the fruits of the war by remission into the new lands. THE SOUTH SAW ANY ATTEMPT TO LIMIT THE ripening AS SLAVERY AS THE FIRST STEP TO ELIMINATING IT. John C. Calhoun countered with his own proposalAll territories to be regarded as common property of the states. Congress would act an agent for the states and make no laws discriminating between the states or depriving and state rights with regard to property. Any national law passed regarding slavery would violate the Const. and the doctrine of states rights. People have the Const. right to form their state politicss as they wish, as long as they provide a republican form of government. The Wilmot Proviso was voted on in 1846 and the votes were strictly on section lines, causing the parties to begin to split.It passed the raise but failed to come to a vote in the Senate. At the next session in Feb. ,1847, it was re passed by the House but died in the Senate. THE PROVISO STARTED A R IFT WITHIN THE PARTIES found ON SECTIONAL TIES. Every Northern state legislature, except one, had support the Proviso. Every Southern state legislature opposed it. President Polk endorse a compromise that would have extended the Missouri Compromise line across the Mexican cession. Many northerners backed this since they felt climate and topography would aliveness slavery out of most of the area naturally.BUT MANY SOUTHERNERS WERE pertain ABOUT SETTING A PRECIDENT FOR FUTURE TERRITORY AND DID NOT loss TO AGREE TO RESTRICTING SLAVERY IN ANY AREA. To pr evening upt the spread of slavery into these areas the FREE SOIL political fellowship was formed in 1848- make up only of whites whom VIGOROUSLY OPPOSED THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY. They feared a desecration of the land if the dismals were allowed to settle there. The devoid colly troupe was hostile to the blacks and opposed emancipation. BUT it did get support from some ABOLITIONISTS who saw it as a way to stop the spread of slavery and challenge its existence. 848 the Free grime Party ran former Pres. Martin Van Buren, who came in a distant third place the Whig- Mexican War hero Zachary Taylor, and the Democrat- Lewis Cass. BUT 10 Free Soil Congressmen were elected. 4. The land settlement after the Mexican War and the opening of the southwestward upset the balance between slave and free states in the nation. home 17,1847 the Mexicans surrendered. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ratified by the Senate on March 10,1848, ceded to the US present day atomic number 20 and impudent Mexico and parts of universal time, Nevada, Arizona and Colorado.Also the southern border of Texas was set as the Rio Grande. This added over 1 million lusty mile to the US, added another one-third of our territorial domain, and brought us out to the Pacific. The war introduced us to some future military giants such as Ulysses S. give and Robert E. Lee. ELECTION OF 1848- Democratic Party split- The Barnburners ( back up by V an Buren and New York) supported the Wilmot Proviso. The Hunkers were willing to compromise with the South and nominated Cass. This led to the Free Soil Party and a major split within the Democratic Party.The Whigs passed over Henry Clay and Daniel Webster and nominated war hero Taylor. Taylor was a Southern slaveholder, but Northern Whigs supported him. They stuck together long enough to get him elected. 5. CALIFORNIA- GOLD- Jan 24,1848, gold discovered at Sutters Mill in California. By 1849 the Gold Rush was on. People were flocking to the area seeking their fortunes. Most men did not strike it rich BUT the Gold Rush lasted for 12 years and exploded the population of the area. By 1850 the population of Calif. reached 100,000. The residents applied for entrance money as a FREE STATE.This would make California the 31st state and offset the balance in the Senate between North and South. The South would not agree to this arrangement. Henry Clay was called upon to make another Comprom ise. He essay to write a document that would resolve the issue of slavery for all time. California would be admitted as a free state. The slave swop (not slavery) would be eliminated in DC. A stronger momentary striver impartiality would be passed to make it easier for slave owners to get run away slaves back. New Mexico and Utah would be organized as territories, with no mention of slavery.The Compromise did not pass- Calhoun would not tolerate the admission of California without slavery, Northerners would not agree to stronger fleer Slave Laws, and President Taylor shocked his fellow Southerners by insisting that California be admitted as a free state with NO COMPROMISE. Taylor exist to veto the Compromise if the House and Senate passed it. Summer of 1850 Taylor died and Millard Fillmore became President. He wanted to compromise. Senator Stephen Douglas from Ill. point the Compromise of 1850 through Congress by in truth making it dickens separate bills. One brought in Cali f. s a free state and the other gave a stronger fugitive slave code. MANY STATES RIGHTS SUPPORTERS SAW THE SLAVE/FREE BALANCE IN CONGESS SHIFTING FURTHER NORTHWARD. 6. THE ELECTION OF 1852- The Barnburners returned to the party and the Democrats nominated little known Franklin Pierce from New Hampshire- leaving the Wilmot Proviso behind them. The Whigs split totally in 1852 The Northern faction supported Winfield Scott, the Southern faction supported Millard Fillmore as a compromise candidate. there was a deadlock after 52 ballots- 96% of Scotts votes were from free states and 85% of Fillmores from slave states.On the 53rd ballot Scott won the nomination. The Free Soilers nominated John P. Hale opposing the Compromise of 1850 and the extension of slavery. The Whigs had split to the point that the party was declared dead by its leaders. In 1853 the Democrats controlled every Southern State and the Whigs elected only 14 of the 65 congressmen from those states. The lap two party syst em was on the verge of death. 7. FUGITIVE SLAVE LAWS- The Fugitive Slave Law created resentment among the Abolitionists and made slavery more emotional and individual(prenominal) to many.Actually the Constitution in Article IV, section 2 stated that any person held in portion or labor in one state who ran away to another state shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor shall be due. The Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 permitted slaves owners to regenerate slaves who escaped to other states. The escaped slaves had no rights- no right to a trial, no right to testify, and no guarantee of habeas corpus (the healthy indispensability that a person be brought before a court and not be imprisoned illegally).But by the 1830 and 1840s thousand of slaves were escaping and were being aided by the Underground Railroad. White Southerners found the laws too short to overcome the resistance of the North to return the slaves. Many northern abolitionists actually aid ed the blacks escape and hid them if the law was known to be coming. Several Northern states had personal liberty laws that made it illegal for state law enforcement officials to function capture fleers. This was passed too. A US Supreme Court decision in 1842- Pigg v atomic number 91- involved a slave owner who forcibly carried his runaway slave back home to Maryland from Penn.He was convicted in Penn. on a kidnapping charge The Supreme Court overturned the control and called the Penn. Law Unconstitutional. THE COURT ALSO RULED THAT THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE FUGITIVE SLAVE article OF THE CONSTITUTION WAS A national RESPONSIBILITY. This caused many states to start passing the personal liberty laws and provoked the South to ask for stricter control. Local black prudence man committees were formed including the League of Freedom in Boston and the Liberty link in Chicago. These actions made the South ask for harsher laws.The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was one of the harshest measure s EVER passed by the US Congress. Required US marshals, deputies, and quotidian citizens to help seize runaway slaves. Those who refused or helped the runa slipway could be fined or imprisoned. Slave owners only had to provide legal documentation from their home state OR the testimony of white witnesses before a federal commissioner that the captive was a runaway. It was nearly impossible for a black to prove that they were legally free. Federal commissioners were paid $10 for captives returned to bondage, but only $5. f they were found to be legally free. The commissioner could deputize any citizen to aid in the capture of the runaways, and fuddled fines were imposed for those that did not help. Many Northerners vowed CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE. During the time the law was in effect 332 captives were returned to slavery and 11 were released as free people. FUGITIVE SLAVES- Southern laws stipulated that the status of the mother determined a childs legal status- free or slave. Some states abided by the new Law without question. Others did not. A Maryland slave owner tried to regain a black woman in Phila.Who he claimed had escaped 22 years before. Since then she had 6 children, and he said they all belonged to him. Case went before a federal commissioner who ruled that they were all free. SHADRACH- 1851- Federal marshals captured a black fugitive in Boston names Shadrach. A group of blacks stormed the courthouse and freed the slave and got him to Canada via the Underground Railroad. Federal authorities brought charges against 4 blacks and 4 whites that helped in the escape under the Fugitive Slave Act. LOCAL JURIES REFUSED TO CONVICT THEM. Sept 1851 Christiana, Pennsylvania was the scene of a little battle.Three deputy marshals appeared with a family of slave owners to recover 2 runaways from Maryland. A hostile crowd of active 25 blacks and several whites met them. One slave owner was killed and several from both sides were wounded. The runaways escaped to Canada. President Fillmore sent US Marines to Penna. to round up the members of the insurrection. 36 blacks and 5 whites were arrested and indicted for treason by a federal grand jury. The governments case was weak, and after an acquittal in the first case, the stay cases were dropped.ANTHONY BURNS- 1854 Burns escaped from Virginia by stowing away on a charge and landed in Boston. Burns sent his enslaved brother a letter, which was intercepted and Burns was captured. Marshals put him under guard in irons in the federal courthouse. Abolitionists tried to break in but could not, even though a deputy marshal was killed. President Franklin Pierce, a northern Democrat, sent federal troops to Boston to return Burns to Virginia. The vigilance committee tried to buy Burns freedom but the US Attorney refused. June 1854 thousands of Bostonians lined the street on the way to the ship that Burns was being marched to.Church bells rang, buildings and on lookers were draped in black. William Lloyd sen d held a ceremony on July 4 in which he burnt-out a copy of the Declaration of Independence as many looked on. A federal grand jury indicted 7 men for inciting a riot to free Burns, but no Boston jury would convict and of the men. MARGARET GARNER- pass of 1856 Margaret collect and 7 other slaves escaped from Kentucky across the Ohio River into Cincinnati. Their owner, Archibald Grimes pursued them along with a deputy and a posse. They cornered the eight in a small house, but they fought back Finally they were subdued.Before they could be captured Garner slit her daughters throat rather than have her go back to slavery. She tired to kill her two sons but was disarmed. Ohio authorities aerated her with murder. By then she had returned to Kentucky and was sent with her three surviving children to Arkansas to be sold. On the journey her youngest child and 24 others drowned in a shipwreck. She was ulterior sold at a slave market in New Orleans. Toni Morrison transformed her story into the book BELOVED. 8. THE ROCHESTER CONVENTION- 1853 Black leaders met in Rochester, NY in 1853 for a national convention.They warned that black Americans were not ready to concede to the government policy that put more emphasis on the interest of slaveholders than people seeking freedom. They called for greater unity among the blacks and a means to find ways to improve their economic prospects. They asserted their claims to the rights of citizenship and equal protection before the law. They similarly expressed fear that the new wave of European immigrants would deprive suffering black Northerners of their jobs. FOR THE FIRST TIME BLACK LEADERS, INCLUDING FREDERICK DOUGLASS SPOKE OF THE NEED FOR A SCHOOL TO PROVIDE TRAINING IN SKILLED TRADES AND MANUAL ARTS.They even spoke of founding a Negro museum and library. NATIVISM- White Protestants picked up the fear of more Immigrants as well, with a major movement beginning against roman print Catholics from Ireland and Germany. Some f eared there was a Catholic conspiracy to take over the nation. Led to the formation of the live NOTHINGS in 1854- to protect traditional American determine from the dangers of in-migration- The names comes from the reply members were instructed to give when asked about the party- I KNOW NOTHINGBy 1856 there were over 1 million members in the Party, mainly in New England, Kentucky and Texas. UNCLE TOMS CABIN- Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852- originally published in installments in an anti-slavery newspaper. Stowe was raised in a religious environment and developed a hatred of slavery. In the novel she depicts the cruelty, inhumanity and destructive impact on families by slavery. It locomote Northerners to tears and made slavery more personal to readers who never considered it as a way of life.White Southerners called it a false depiction of slavery. But Stowe later published A Key to Uncle Toms cabin in which she cited the sources for her novel, many of which were souther n newspapers. ABLEMAN V BOOTH-1859- The personal liberty laws go along to violate federal laws. This case arose when a Wisconsin abolitionist named Sherman Booth was convicted by a federal court and sent to prison for leading a raid in 1854 that had freed a fugitive. The Wisconsin Supreme Court had ruled the Fugitive Slave Law as unconstitutional and ordered Booths release.Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that the Fugitive Slave law was constitutional AND ANY STATE INTERFERING WITH ITS ENFORCEMENT WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL. Booth went back to prison. THE SUPREMACY OF FEDERAL LAW WAS UPHELD- This case was a complete REVERSAL of the traditional values of the North favoring federal supremacy and the South pushing for states rights. 9. OTHER ATTEMPTS- piece of music many states had been passing personal liberty laws in the 1850s, some were adopting harsher black laws to restrict free blacksmainly the lower Northern states and the West.Indiana adoptive a provision in its 1851 Constitution th at prohibited the migration of free blacks into the state. Blacks could not vote there, nor serve on juries or in the army, nor testify against whites, nor bind whites, nor go to school with whites. Iowa and Illinois had similar laws and also banned black immigration in 1851 and 1853. When Oregon was admitted to the union in 1859 she adopted a whole range of black laws, even though black migration to that state was remote. California, 10 years earlier, had not banned black migration since she feared it would delay the process of statehood, but Calif. id adopt a large range of discriminatory laws. SO, EVEN IN THE FREE STATES, THERE WAS AN ANTI-BLACK SENTIMENT. Only New England states, except Connecticut, had allowed blacks to vote every bit with the whites prior to the Civil War. Attempts to institute this in other northern states FAILED in the 1850s. Racism was so strong in the North that no party could win if it endorsed full racial equality. REMEMBER Abolitionists and Free Soiler s could hate slavery and have sympathy for fugitive slaves, BUT they could also be very prejudiced and have a commitment to RACISM.

Globalisation and environmental sustainability Essay

A valet de chambre(prenominal) society is marked by new proficiently integ stationd local and planetary relations which abet the study of the set up of globalization and as intimately as internationalization of various disciplines in a society which argon involved in come up-disposed interactions. This interactions whitethorn be loc completelyy based or may involve international relations some of which piss a oddment relationship to policy-making philosophy, international economies, conflict analysis, international laws and policies as well as sociology.Globalisation makes the mankind to a greater extent productive and stable. In the noncurrent few decades, the global economy has become increasingly co-ordinated and integrated. This integration is quite evident in the international markets and it has been on a immobile gain since the seventeenth century although in the finishing few years, globalisation has undergvirtuoso revolution which has given rise to some( prenominal) a(prenominal) contr all oversial issues regarding its launchuate and impacts on the large global society (Lindert, Williamson 2001).Some researches have indicated that in the last two decades or so, the increased integration in the global markets has resulted in greater variety in the way income is distributed among nations around the gentleman. In connecter to this, Bourguignon and Morrisson (2000) have also observed that combining inequality at heart and across countries has brought a signifi mucklet rise in the global inequality since 1960 therefrom making the already unworthy countries poorer while the rich countries bemuse richer through globalisation.Globalisation refers to the way in which nations increasingly become interconnected with one a nonher in term of economic, governmental, technological, cordial and cultural pictures. more than often than not, the word globalisation is used to refer to the economic aspect of a nation. Economic globalisat ion describes the integration of national economies into the international economies via barter, migrations, international market chief city flows, foreign investments and increased use of technology.The increasing rate of globalisation as has been experienced in the past two decades or so has led to rapid growth of global switch, financial jacket flows, direct foreign investments and cross border trade proceedings (Johnston, Taylor, Watts 2002). The major(ip) facilitators of this growth include modifyd transport and communication infrastructure, improved technological know-how, quicker methods of telecommunication and internet services. In addition to this, globalisation has been favoured by removal of trade barriers and policies across nations which previously inhibited international trade among nations.This has now liberalised trade and encouraged more export and import transactions which promote globalisation. The establishment of international trade organisations freque ntly(prenominal) as world bank, IMF and WTO have also played a significant role in facilitating globalisation as they are devoted to promoting trade and investment across nations worldwide. The result of this kind of globalised trade is presence of multinational companies (MNCs) whose budgets exceed those of the economies of many nations in which they are situated (Atkison 1999).Globalisation and sustainability. In the recent years, many controversies have emanated from the issue of globalisation. It is now seen an unnecessary evil which is threatening the social and environmental sustainability of the global societies. Globalisation is viewed by some populate as an opportunity for national and international economic growth while framinger(a)s discover that it is a threat to economic prosperity, political sovereignty and cultural right (Jussilla, Cullen 2002).People in substantial countries are particularly concerned with the point that globalisation poses a threat to unskille d workers who are bound to be left jobless with the increased technological methods of production in the catching industries. On the other hand, the developing nations are mostly concerned rough the discharge of political world powers and sovereignty as well as loss of economic prosperity which is bound to be brought about by globalisation. fit in to Bh botha (2002) the whole concept of globalisation is surrounded by ideological issues some(prenominal) positive and banish which in the long run affect the battalion or societies in the globalised world. , the controversial aspect of globalisation can not be easily resolved. Globalisation and environmental sustainability. Environmental sustainability refers to the aspect of addressing the involve of the current global societies fully while being cautious not to compromise the needs of the societies which are to come,that is, future generations. consort Heinberg (2005), globalisation has nowadays or confirmatoryly led to severa l environmental issues such as global warming, increased deforestation, depletion of the ozone tier, destruction of water catchment areas, biodiversity, most natural resources have reached or are nearing depletion levels, pollution of water, air and the entire environment among others. For model, globalisation has enabled MNCs to invest in countries which have few or no environmental conservation by-laws and this results in high environmental degradation as well as depletion of natural resources.However, the WTO in response to this effect has argued that the large amounts of income or capital flows earned from globalisation are capable of catering for the environmental degradation and this is bound to improve the quality of the environment to even higher(prenominal) standards that it were in before. In addition, globalisation has led to increased industrialisation all over the globe and this has resulted in the lots dreaded effects of depletion of the ozone layer and global warmin g. Global warming comes as a result of unfreeze of industrial pollutants from the manufacturing industries into the environment.Such pollutants include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of sulphur and so forth. The effects of global warming are quite evident all over the globe as they have led to diverse changes in weather and climate resulting in drought and famines in some separate of the world among other effects. The depletion of the ozone layer occurs as a result of sack of chemicals such as freons and fluorocarbons in to the air which react with ozone layer consequently thinning it (Bellow 2001). However,there are several positive effects of globalisation in relation to environmental sustainability.Precisely, globalisation has led to improved methods of goose egg utilisation, reversal of resources especially those occurring naturally, innovation of metal recovery and material recycling methods, dematerialisation of resources among other positive practices (Eiezen, Ma xine 2006). Globalisation has particularly been putting great emphases on dematerialisation and this has helped industries to improve their efficiency in production, minimise and manage their waste production and minify the production costs through use of cheap systematic procedures.In addition, the use of improved technological methods has made companies to adopt newer and more streamlined methods of energy utilisation and as a result, the energy requirements in industrialised countries have substantially reduced in the recent years. Moreover, many non-renewable energy resources have been substituted with renewable sources of energy and this has greatly reduced the risk of depletion of such resources in the near future.Although the improved technology has great positive effects on the environmental sustainability, globalisation is negatively associated with the exportation and use of technologies and activities that can have detrimental effects on the environment. All these envi ronmental effects of globalisation have either a direct or an indirect impact on the global societies. Lack of clean water for instance is a negative effect which is likely to cause diseases and suffering to the larger population.On the other hand, improved energy efficiency, advanced technology and industrialisation translates a greater advantage to the pack alert in the globalised world in terms of better quality consumer products, free exchange of goods, capital and services between nations among others. Globalisation and social sustainability. On the aspect of social sustainability, globalisation plays a very important role in terms of improving or lowering the social status of the people active in globalised world.Experts have argued that globalisation tends to impose a greater single out to the poor countries while at the same time it favours the already developed nations (Bellow 2001). They add that although globalisation is believed to favour free trade among nations, it lead to much inequality between the developed and the under developed countries since the developing countries are unable to compete favourably with the developed countries in the international markets (Agyeman, Bullar, Evans 2003).In addition, the increased use of technology is bound to render many people jobless especially the unskilled workers, since most of the work which was previously through with(p) manually by the people is now easily done by machines. This reflects negatively on the society especially in the poorer countries since when people do not get jobs to do, they are likely to suffer from starvation, poor health, analphabetism among other social problems (Walker 2005). On the positive side, globalisation allows free safari of people across nations as they trade and this has promoted cultural diversity, intermarriages, tourism and so forth.This has further promoted peace,understanding and unity between individuals as well as nations. It is thus abstemious that glo balisation has some critical impacts on the social lives of individuals an groups living in the industrialised countries. Identities and powers based on globalisation and sustainability. The last one decade or so has presented a turbulent phase for the global societies marked by globalisation and resurgence in the identity administration or religion based politics.Globalisation being a plow of ongoing capitalism-industrialisation has had some adverse effects on the poor strata of the society. According to Heiberg (2005), the nature of globalisation is contradictory in that it divides the world as much as it unites it. Movements fundamental to globalisation are based on em travel plany, political orientation and identities. The lives of people living in global societies are largely shaped by conflicting trends of globalisation and identity and current events in the world indicate that community identities are threatened by the forces of globalisation.One effect of globalisation o n the societal political structure is the emergence of socialistic states which came into being in the mid-20th century ushering in the beginning of an industrial society. The increase rate of globalisation has led to a rise of America as a lone super-power in the world, decline of the power and authority exercised by the United Nations, decline in the amount of Non-Aligned movement, a rise in Fascist-fundamentalist politics among countries and worsening of the problems experienced by the poor in the society. tour globalisation is believed to result in a popular world economy, the political democracy system in the world is stifled in form of emasculation of the potential world government. As the national economies become more and more globalised, the world political powers become more and more centralised into one or a few nations of the world. This power monopoly is a negative effect of globalisation as it leads to a decline in democratic norms and projection of identity politics . Identity politics involve opposition over scarce resources which could in principle be taken to mean scrape for political power or economic wealth resources.This kind of competition seems to favour only the rich and mighty residing in the wealthy and strong countries leading to a form of discrimination. As a result, globalisation makes the people in rich countries continue becoming richer as those in poor countries become more poor by the day. In this case it is clear that although globalisation is capable of empowering a nation both economically and politically, the power distribution is unequal and this puts some nations at a higher political power advantage than others.Conclusion. Beyond doubt, globalisation has led to significant increase in per capita income of different nations which have fully accepted this process and apply effectively the technological advancements which come with it. It can however be seen that, globalisation has pushed most developing or Third world countries along the path of diminishing sustainability and this has not in any way been improved by the recent regulations made in the globalisation processes.For instance, the deregulation of global trade in the recent past has led to a decrease in the environmental and social-cultural constraints associated with globalisation but this kind of deregulation has failed to address the issues of sustainability. In conclusion, it is clear that the current globalisation process is quite unsustainable but with a few policies to govern it properly, the process is capable of bringing much achievement in the long run to all nations world wide as well as to people as individuals in the globalised world.Reference. Atkinson, G., Dubourg, R. , Hamilton, K. , Munasinghe, M. , Pearce D. , 1999. Measuring sustainable development. UK Edward Elgar Publishers. Agyeman, J. , Bullard, R. D. , Evans, B. , (eds. ). 2003. Sustainability Development in an Unequal World, London Earthscan. Bello, W. F. 2001 . The Future in the oddment Essays on Globalization and Resistance. Oakland, Calif Food First Books. Bhalla, A. S. 2002. Globalisation and sustainable Development A Southern African Perspective, International ledger of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 40-57.

Claire Fahys’s ‘Over There’ Essay

Fahyss civilise over there is sectionalization of her depiction for the new-made metropolis, a series of work portraying the overcrowded, colly urban life. The work is representational of urbanization and the dehumanized materialism of the red-brick society. The composition is a striking combination of bold color strokes against a black and white backdrop. Bright red, orange and streaks of high etherealer green are combine with black, white and shades of grey to achieve a distinguished cay of color for the arrange. A trine dimensional perception is created with the contour lines of the buildings vanishing in perspective.The artist has use mixed media to create a unique event on cardboard. The artwork conveys a very gloomy image and represents pandemonium and destruction in the very composition or depiction. The buildings are kinky at unruly angles and the general composition is deliberately disorderly conveyance the intended message to the viewer. The main content is the confusion and the chaos border the urban landscape. The work portrays a concrete jungle in crookedness posing an analogy to the mechanical unearthly life pattern of the urban society.The subject matter is urbanism gigantic cities, towering skyscrapers and expansion of human population. Cities and good expansions were once considered to create a communal environment however these goliath cities that aim at developing human relationships do have a dehumanized aspect. In the transition from the old real world to the new virtual world, human beings will make the scaring experience of their smallness recounting to the mass (Claire Fahys and the new Metropolis, n . d) . Art here is used as a convincing medium of communication to convey a message, on the fearful aspect of dehumanization, to the community.Iman Malekis Memory of that abode ascertain from http//imanmaleki. com/en/Galery/wish. htm Iman Maleki is a contemporary realist artist. The image chosen here does non fit into th e conventional sense of art, as it looks more like a photograph than a work of traditional art. The image is a three dimensional work of art with depth, perspective and an interesting play of light and shade. The medium used is oil on canvas. The various objects and forms are have creatively rendering a well balanced organized brainpower to the composition. The texture is soft and natural.The reflection of light on the wall is captured well. The desolation of the house and its relationship to the various elements of nature represented in the work is conveyed clearly through an objective rendering of the sky, the greenery and the building itself. The woman portrayed is seemingly well absorbed in world of her own. The frame rekindles memories of a house with the many remembrances associated with it. The work has the effect of transporting the viewer to other plane of imagination, to another space altogether a space that comes refreshfully alive in memory.The rendering of the bri ck, cement mortar, the weather marks on the brick and cement mortar, the woman in her traditional clothing, the exposed part of her throw together and every other element is captured to the finest detail. The image is objective and is representational of the house that is depicted in the framework. The main subject matter is the house itself detailed brick by brick and fond memories of that house conveyed visually. The colors used are soft, baffling and natural.ReferencesClaire Fahys and the new Metropolis, n . d. www. thefrenchartstudio. com. 26 July 2009

Safeway

This topic negotiation close Safeway a store, now so everyday that it has made itself establish as a brand in the market. This paper duologue ab off hassles that are plaguing Safeway and how can a final result be reached. It jump-starts off with a summary of the entire paper and accordingly exposit on the corporations dream, mission, goals etc. It provides a list of fusss that Safeway has been veneer finished the years prioritizes these and then develops a solution plan in a logical step-wise manner. The paper concludes itself with a brief discussion on how the solution can be achieved in an effective manner and provides a brief evaluation of it.Executive Summary. Safeway is a filament of stores, now so popular that it has made itself establish as a brand in the market. Safeway started off as a store back in 1915, impression(a) the vision of M. Skaggs. Then, it was just a store and now we enchant approximately one thousand seven hundred and seventy basketball team stores each across United States of the States and Canada. The vision at Safeway talks about value and adding value to the filament of trading operations that the store is have-to doe with in. It talks about giving value to customers through value added products and go down the stairs the name of Safeway stores and by strategizing success in terms of moolah by keeping them narrow while expanding.In 2000, Safeway faced a big internal diligence problem whereby it received threats and complaints from peers and its competitor, Wal-Mart. a nonher(prenominal) issue was that of overtaking in gross revenue and of customer base. It besides experienced declining profits. (IBSCDC) Safeway, as of its flowing standing has been facing internal issues revolving around pay bouts and the set up not keeping its promises to the rideers/ workers. This has resulted into a lot of frustration and feelings of negativity in betwixt the two entities. Strikes arrange by dig up union/s ca use been the looming issue this year, 2009 at Safeway.The basic reasons for this are frustrated workers because of their w historic periods and subsidy benefits, which they consider low or minimal. (SFGate) Other issues revolve around lawsuits by two grant funds on the direction and board of Safeway, blaming them chargeable to deceit, greed and managerial inexperience. Due to this situation, many a times the shareholders name gotten very bring down at the way things function inside the chain. Another main problem that the caller-out faces is that of conflict of interests, which results in selfish behavior. (RedOrbit)The labor problem directly affects the get wind stakeholder groups. It has resulted into up backcloth the laborers or workers who are the thrust force behind the various operations that the chain to a lower placetakes, be it the sales stores, warehouses, or the staff at the chains office. And when this ext ratiocinations to the whole of America and Canada, it re sults into negative spill over effects end-to-end the organization. This affects the shareholders, since accounting has likewise proved that two lawsuits also were filed against the focus of Safeway payable to reasons of conflict of interests, no or minimal enhancer etc.The different solutions that this paper has proposed consist of a sound choke system in overall operations, handsome measurement of functioning through technology usage and SAPs (HRMReport), improving upon the recruitment guidelines by involving pre-agree upon contracts amidst the company and the worker being recruited, and lastly, employing the element of bureaucratism by the stick technique applied to the upper counsel by the Board. The last option surrounds permutation of all those managers who have shown a history of conflict of interests. Resource Center) The best solution out of all these is a combination of achieving foil through correcting any event of conflict of interests with pre-agreed s etting of labor contracts. The solution can be implemented by communication it to the shareholders, workers and upper management. This should be done in a take a shit manner. A no-patience approach should be communicated boasting an environment free of greed, selfishness and self-interest- envisioning, communicating and implementing a conflict of interests free environment.This can so help in adopting a measurement of performance for workers plan under which the transparency guidelines leave be communicated effectively. Position Safeway started off as a store back in 1915, under the vision of M. Skaggs. Then, it was just a store and now we see around one thousand seven hundred and seventy five stores all across United States of America and Canada. Today, Safeway is not just a chain of stores (grocery stores) rather it is a brand. It has also launched several private brands under its umbrella all across North America.There are triplet thousand products approximately available un der the brand names of Lucerne, Mrs. Wrights, Safeway and Safeway pick out Label that markets more than a thousand premium brands. Through the years, the chain of stores has done its share of corporate social responsibility. It does this by donating to schools, for breast and prostate gland cancer research, contributing towards the displaced people resulting out of natural calamities like the Tsunami and also helps disabled people. This initiative, which is a proper program at the company basically, has helped it dissemble and retain community expositnerships.Also, Safeway has contributed towards the restoration and preservation efforts of the environment, by extending help in the areas of renewable energy and solid waste management. (Safeway Website) Vision and Mission of Safeway The vision at Safeway is the same as it was before that was built by Skaggs. It talks about value and adding value to the chain of operations that the store is involved in. It talks about giving value t o customers through value added products and go under the name of Safeway stores and by strategizing success in terms of profits by keeping them narrow while expanding.Its mission statement is that of expanding for the best, which revolves around continuous improvement when the management jargon is applied. These also execute the broader, long-term goals for the company. Safeway believes in Ingredients for Life, since it encompasses the concept of wholesomeness in whatever services and products it is providing to the customer. This, henceforth also forms its tagline. (Safeway Web Site). Stakeholders of Safeway These include groups and people from the different segments of the countries. showtime and fore virtually it includes the shareholders who have been investing in the company and the Board of Directors of hurrying Management. Other bring out stakeholders include customers who contribute towards the revenues by visiting stores and making purchases. Its suppliers include all the companies that through stocking fee reserve their spaces in shelves in all Safeway stores for retail. The Corporate Social Responsibility Steering Group or CSR Steering Group is yet another group that has stake in the chain of stores- Safeway. Others include, Media Companies, Journalists, Laborers, and last but not least its employees. Problems Contextual analytic thinkingSafeways ride to success and its expansion efforts have not been problem free. It has faced many internal as well as extraneous problems that have rendered its free will operations difficult to perform under such circumstances. In 2000, Safeway faced a huge internal labor problem whereby it received threats and complaints from peers and its competitor, Wal-Mart. Another issue was that of loss in sales and of customer base. It also experienced declining profits. (IBSCDC) Safeway, as of its current standing has been facing internal issues revolving around pay conflicts and the chain not keeping its promises to the laborers/ workers.This has resulted into a lot of frustration and feelings of negativity in between the two entities. Strikes arranged by labor union/s have been the looming issue this year, 2009 at Safeway. The basic reasons for this are frustrated workers because of their wages and pension benefits, which they consider low or minimal. (SFGate) Other issues revolve around lawsuits by two pension funds on the management and board of Safeway, blaming them guilty to deceit, greed and managerial inexperience. Due to this situation, many a times the shareholders have gotten very upset at the way things function inside the chain.Another main problem that the company faces is that of conflict of interests, which results in selfish behavior. (RedOrbit) Sense One of the major problems at the company revolves around its labor workers due to labor unions and their frustrations. The chain of grocery stores- Safeway has been trying to take supremacy over this issue, through contract effo rts in terms of labor agreements etc. , but nothing in any case productive and fruitful has been done. Therefore, the issue still stands and even though is not raging with the same force as it was before it is definitely the most problematic area for the corporation as of now. SFGate) The knock benefits including health alimony and pension related alongside the wage issue present in the labor staff, has resulted into a deep frustration.This has resulted into a negative feeling between the company and the workers. The labor union demands increments in their wages and wants a long hold to adjusting the pension program (which constitutes pension benefits for the workers). Many companies have agreed to these terms to some extent by increasing the retirement age but the wage issue remains frozen. (McGhee, T. These however are the symptoms of a larger cause, a greater problem, this being mismanagement on the part of the upper management arising due to a conflict of interests and as me ntioned above greed and hypocrisy. The labor problem directly affects the key stakeholder groups. It has resulted into upsetting the laborers or workers who are the driving force behind the various operations that the chain undertakes, be it the sales stores, warehouses, or the staff at the chains office. And when this extends to the whole of America and Canada, it results into negative spill over effects throughout the organization.This affects the shareholders, since history has also proved that two lawsuits also were filed against the management of Safeway due to reasons of conflict of interests, no or minimal transparency etc. let out The problem surrounding labor related issues and up rise of labor union movements against the management is the biggest problem at Safeway because if a companys employee/s workers are not happy, the manual force behind its operations is not strong therefore this results into low profitability, bad reputation and encourage conflict of interests.T he different solutions that this paper has proposed comprise of a sound transparent system in overall operations, fair measurement of performance through technology usage and SAPs (HRMReport), improving upon the recruitment guidelines by involving pre-agreed upon contracts between the company and the worker being recruited, and lastly, employing the element of bureaucracy by the stick technique applied to the upper management by the Board. The last option surrounds replacement of all those managers who have shown a history of conflict of interests. Resource Center) break up The problem is so massive that it requires a proper plan of carry through in the form of a labor plan and a formalise labor budgeting report. This calls for transparency as well as a clear set of goals for the laborers or workers at the company. Employing transparency within the company is the key solution here and others should replace replacing managers or upper management people, who have showed a selfish a ttitude, in the corporate market. This is the only end solution in end.But, since this is not a feasible option since lay off and replacing a companys upper management just like that is not an easy task, what needs to be formal is a formalized, controlled system of labor handling. Under this each laborer or worker before his recruitment will know about his wages, fringe benefits and pension benefits. If the agreement proves to be a compromise between the company as well as the worker, then it should be agreed upon to start off induction and the recruitment processes after(prenominal) that.There should also be a sound management of employees framework, that helps in gaining accountability and transparency with fairness to the entire process of performance evaluation. The best solution out of all these is a combination of achieving transparency through correcting any occurrence of conflict of interests with pre-agreed setting of labor contracts. Build Strategic decisions involve ma king of sound decisions which includes goal identification, problem finding, generation of solutions as possible options and then evaluation these to select the best possible one.Schwenk, C. (1984) says that cognitive psychology hence needs to be adopted when making decisions in the corporate world. (Schwenk, C. , 113) A risky project comprising of uncertainty according to theorists comprises of setting a performance measure that results into goal alignment successfully. The standard here is that of the project whirl through the potential Pareto Improvement. (Graham, D. , 715)In line with these theorists views, the best solution as proposed above out of all the ones mentioned is a combination of achieving transparency through correcting any occurrence of conflict of interests with pre-agreed setting of labor contracts. The affirmative side of this tells a story of no or minimal disorderliness in agreements of labor contracts, less occurrence of ill reputation, and no or minimal f rustration on the part of the workers and shareholders as the two key stakeholders here in this case. The dark side to the cost benefit compendium in line with what Schewenk, C. 1984) has talked about revolves around fears of bureaucracy and the upper management becoming agitated and frustrated due to less empowerment and control in their hands. Achieve The solution can be implemented by communicating it to the shareholders, workers and upper management. This should be done in a clear manner. A no-patience approach should be communicated boasting an environment free of greed, selfishness and self-interest- envisioning, communicating and implementing a conflict of interests free environment.This can hence help in adopting a measurement of performance for workers plan under which the transparency guidelines will be communicated effectively. An evaluation phase can be developed henceforth, by having an internal audit constituting of representatives of the Board Members, so as to hold checks after each quarter. This shall help in consistency supervision and prevention of conflict between Safeway and its workers.

Communication Techniques-Sports Commentary Essay

In genetic mutations broadcasting, a sports referee gives a running commentary in real life or real time about a sport. Usu eachy, this is done during a resist broadcast on television. The broadcast is normally a voiceover and the main percipient is r bely seen on screen if at all. In American English, other(a) mutual terms for a sports commentator are proclaimr and sportscaster. In actuality, a sportscaster may just refer to a newscaster covering the a la mode(p) news about sports.Types of Sport Broadcasters Play-by-play announcers are the first-string speakers, valued for their smoothness and for their ability to describe the events of an often fast-moving contest. Colour commentators, which serve as assistants to the primary speakers are valued for experience and insight into the game, and are often asked questions by the play-by-play announcer to give them a topic for analysis.The latter most often suck in gained their experience in the sport as a player or coach, while the actor is more likely to be a master key broadcast journalist than a participant in the sport. The more common format is to use both types of commentators in order to provide a better-rounded experience for the audience. For example, NBC Sunday Night Football in the United States, which Cris Collinsworth, a former American football receiver, and Al Michaels, a professional announcer announce for.In the United Kingdom however there is a a good deal less distinct division between play-by-play and colour commentary, although cardinal-man commentary teams usually feature an enthusiast with formal journalistic training but scant(p) or no competitive experience leading the commentary, and an expert former (or current) competitor following up with analysis or summary. There are, however, exceptions to this.For example, all of the United Kingdoms major cricket and snooker commentators are former professionals in their sports, while the legendary Formula One race commentator Murray Walker had no formal journalistic training and further limited racing experience of his own. Another difference between the two types is that colour commentators will usually announce only a sport in which they played or coached, while play-by-play announcers, such as Michaels and David Coleman in the UK, may have careers in which they announce several different sports at one time or another.

Existentialism Essay Essay

Ever wonder why we absorb the term free will or where it originated? People believe that an somebody can discover themselves as a person and choose how to jazz by the decisions they charter easy this is where the word existential philosophy comes into do. Existentialism has been slightly since the early nineteenth century with Soren Kierkegaards philosophical and theological literary works which, in the twentieth century, would be recognized as existentialism.The term was primary coined by Gabriel Marcel, the French philosopher and later adopted by Jean-Paul Sartre, Friedrich Nietzsche and different philosophers for whom world earthly concern were key philosophical topics further Kierkegaard is bashn as the begin of Existentialism. Existentialism proposes that man is full of anxiety and despair with no sum in his life, only when existing, until he made a critical choice about the future. That is the way to achieve dignity as a human being. Existentialists felt that a dopting a social or political score was one way of giving purpose to life.Since then, existentialism has been used by sources such as Hamlet, Voltaire, Henry David Thoreau, in Buddhas t individuallyings, and more. Throughout the years, existentialism has been viewed from various lenses to express different ideas, emotions, as well as to detonate the thought process of readers, movie goers, and theater lovers everywhere and has been to a fault used in Kurt Vonneguts anti-war novel Slaughterhouse Five, Samuel Becketts play hold for Godot, and in the movie Inception. Existentialism is a concept that became hot during the Second World War in France, and just after it.French playwrights have often used the stage to express their views about anything release on in the world. There were hidden meanings that were common passim the pointedness so that plays would be able to pass without being banned or censored. ane who wrote best-selling novels, plays and widely read journalism a s well as theoretical texts during this period was Jean-Paul Sartre. Sartre had been imprisoned in Germany in 1940 but managed to escape and become one of the leaders of the Existential movement in France.Sartre dealt with existentialist themes in his 1938 novel Nausea and the short stories in his 1939 aggregation The Wall, and had published his treatise on existentialism, Being and Nothingness in 1943, but it was in the dickens years discovering the liberation of Paris from the German occupying forces that he and his close associate became internationally famous as the wind figures of a movement known as existentialism. A major theme throughout his writings was freedom and responsibility.One other extremely popular writer and playwright during the same clipping as Sartre, as well as a close friend, was Albert Camus. In a short amount of sequence, Camus and Sartre became the leading public intellectuals of post-war France achieving, by the end of 1945, a fame that reached acro ss all audiences. (Existential reason Albert Camus) Camus rejected the existentialist label and considered his works to be concerned with veneering the absurd. In the Titular book, Camus uses the analogy of the Greek myth of Sisyphus to demonstrate the futility of existence.In the myth, Sisyphus is condemned for eternity by the gods to roll a rock up a hill when he reaches the summit, the rock will roll to the bottom again. Camus believes that this existence is pointless yet Sisyphus ultimately finds meaning and purpose in his task, simply by continually applying himself to it. For Camus, this related heavily to everyday life, and he saw Sisyphus an absurd hero, with a pointless existence. Camus felt that it was necessary to wonder what the meaning of life was and that the human being longed for some sense of clarity in the world, since if the world were clear, art would not exist. (Existential Primer Albert Camus) The Myth of Sisyphus became a ideal for existentialism in the t heatre and eventually inspired Beckett to write postponement for Godot. In Becketts Waiting for Godot, existentialism manifests itself in a hardly a(prenominal) ways the frustration of trying to understand the meaning in life, the proceed repetition seen throughout the play, and the softness to act. What remains archetypal in Waiting for Godot, concerning the absurdist metaphor is the way in which each character relies on the other for comfort, support, and most of all, meaning.Vladimir and tarragon desperately need one another in order to avoid living a lonely and meaningless life. The two together functions as a metaphor for survival, like the characters that proceed and follow them, they feel compelled to leave one another, but at the same time compelled to stay together. They consider parting, but, in the end, never actually part. Andrew Kennedy explains these rituals of parting saying, each is like a rehearsed ceremony, acted out to lessen the distance between time present and the ending of the relationship, which is both dreaded and desired(57).Therefore, Vladimir and Estragons inability to leave each other is just another case of the uncertainty and frustration they feel as they wait for an explanation of their existence. One of the most prevalent themes in Waiting for Godot is Estragon and Vladimirs inability to act. When Estragon says Lets go, Vladimir says We cant Were waiting for Godot (page 7). They be not even sure that Godot will come, or that they are waiting at the right place. Even if he doesnt come, they plan to wait indefinitely. Even if he doesnt come, they plan to wait indefinitely.After witnessing Pozzos cruelty to Lucky, Vladimir and Estragon are outraged. Yet they are still unable to do anything to improve Luckys situation. Pozzo lets Estragon and Vladimir know that they do not have control over their immediate future or even their distant future. When talking about the qabalistic twilight, Estragon and Vladimir relate to waiti ng for Godot. So long as they know what to expect, waiting is their only course of action. Since Estragon and Vladimir can never make a decisive choice about what they want to do or about their future, their life seems to have no meaning.

Pathophysiology of Obesity Essay

The composition of this research paper will concentrate on the topic about the pathophysiologic condition of the disorder called fleshiness. Thus, this would focus in the state topic to determine the functional changes that go along with much(prenominal) instance of disorder that is seen to have developed as one of the prominent health problem in the society. More everywhere, the paper would work in rendering entire selective information that is seen essential to further understand the condition of obesity. In gain to this, this research would to a fault deal with the key atomic number 18as that be seen to be of study concern with witness to battling and preventing obesity.Nonetheless, this holds on the purpose in rendering clear and essential information about obesity. The following will be discussed A Brief Background obesity Pathophysiology of Obesity Causes of Obesity aesculapian discussion and Nursing interference At the end of the paper, in intends to render facts and information about the pathophysiology of the obesity. Likewise, the completion of this research paper is similarly set to come through clear and plain information with regard to the possible medical exam words and nursing preventatives that could be done to be able to struggle and prevent obesity.A Brief Background Obesity It apprise be verbalise that the discussions over the subject of obesity is ordinarily overlooked as one of the major(ip) health issues that is in need of accorded attention. Normally, the society would describe obesity as a state wherein an individual with much(prenominal) condition is seen to be stupid for having such abnormal and lusciousty body. In a sense, obesity must be regarded as a drab condition in which it is seen to be one of the almost prominent health disorders that if not properly handled it can result to numerous severe health complications in the body.In general, obesity is characterized as a chronic condition that inv olves excessive amount body fat (Goroll, 2006). Although body fat is needed for storing energy, heat insulation, shock absorption, and otherwise essential functions, the normal amount of body fat should only be between 25-30% for women and 18-23% for men (Goroll, 2006). Thus, women with excessive body fat with over 30% and for men with over 25% body fat ar already considered grievous (Goroll, 2006).Moreover, the obesity is also seen to be one of the escalating health conditions in the society wherein the numbers of the great unwashed with such disorder atomic number 18 quickly change magnitude (Obesity, n. d. ). In the United States, the obesity has already reached epidemic outcome in which it is seen that one in every three Americans is obese (Obesity, n. d. ). Thus, obesity, as a serious health condition, is also seen to be rapidly increasing in the global society that the occurrence of obesity has practically doubled up from the year 1991 up to 1998 (Obesity, n. . ). Pa thophysiology of Obesity With the fact that obesity is a significant health threat, the extra weight or the excessive fat is inclined to create extraordinary stress in all split of the body (Causes, incidence, and risk factors, n. d. ).Thus, the occurrence of obesity normally incorporates negative developments in the body that are seen as the acquisition of serious illnesses and raises the risk of individuals to having diabetes, kidney disease, sprightliness disease, and stroke and gallbladder disease (Causes, incidence, and risk factors, n. . ). Obesity also creates ill-health conditions such as risque blood pressure and high cholesterol that are normally seen among the adults, which is now believed to be seen in the children that are obese (Pathophysiology of obesity, n. d. ). In addition to this, the obesity also increases the risk of individual to acquire trusted types of cancer. Also, obese individuals are seen to be more inclined to develop osteoarthritis and sleep apnea ( Pathophysiology of obesity, n. d. ).Likewise, the obesity or the excessive fat is often accompany by several symptoms such as breathlessness, tiredness, back pain, sweatiness, arthritis, menstrual disorders, despicable sleeping and depression (Pathophysiology of obesity, n. d. ). Also, obesity increases the probability of myocardial infraction and lovingness failure (Pathophysiology of obesity, n. d. ). Hence, it is seen that biggest apparent impact of obesity in health, more specially with that of the elderly, is the diversity of its effects with other systems in the body (Pathophysiology of obesity n. d. ). Causes of ObesityIn most circumstances, the majority of medical researchers agree that a compounding of excessive calorie consumption and a inactive lifestyle are seen to be the primary causes of obesity (Obesity, n. d. ). Thus, the change magnitude of food consumption is normally attributed as genetic, medical or psychiatric illness (Obesity, n. d. ). Likewise, it is al so said that the other probable causes of obesity are hereditary influences, overeating, diet high in simple carbohydrates, slow metabolism, and frequency of eating, physical inactivity, medication such as antidepressants and psychological factors such as severe emotional damage (Obesity, n. . ).Moreover, in the review that is done in the year 2006, it is said that the most probable factors that have contribute in the rise of obesity are seen to be the cause of insufficient sleep, endocrine disruptors, decreased rates of smoking, increased use of medication that leads to weight gain, pregnancy at a subsequently age, intrauterine and intergenerational effects, positive natural selection of people with a higher(prenominal) BMI (10 Factors in Rise of Obesity, n. d. ). health check Treatment and Nursing InterventionTreatment through the help of a physician is seen to be necessary in obesity, more especially during the times wherein the persons induce efforts to lose weight is not wo rking and when it is seen essential that simultaneous medical conditions make it vital for an obese person to lose weight (Medical Treatment for Obesity, n. d. ). Thus, prescription of medications may seem as necessary for those having people with obesity-related health problems (Medical Treatment for Obesity, n. . ).In addition to this, the prescriptions of over-the-counter supplements are also considered as essential in the medical treatment of obesity that could encouraging for the people in effort to lose weight (Medical Treatment for Obesity, n. d. ). Behavioural strategies are also used in the treatment of obesity that could help modify dietary habits and increase activity levels of obese people (Medical Treatment for Obesity, n. . ). Likewise, psychotherapy for eating disorders with the therapist is also seen essential in the treatment process of obesity that may also require medication (Medical Treatment for Obesity, n. d. ). On the other hand, it is seen evident that the o ther probable nursing disturbance that could be done to battle obesity is having a healthy and active lifestyle through the front line of exercise.As such, the involvement through healthy exercises is indeed helpful in treatment of obesity as these activities are effective in earnest calories and other excess fats in the body. In addition to this, a good healthy diet is also seen as another nursing intervention for obesity in which eating healthy foods with balanced diet are essential in maintaining and achieving healthy body. Nonetheless, the modified personal discipline with regard to adverse eating habits is also seen as probable nursing intervention for obesity.ConclusionWith the above written facts and information about the pathophysiology of obesity, it is seen evident that choosing such topic in this research paper is indeed significant and helpful for the people, more especially among the individuals with such condition, as this provides factual data of the probable nega tive results that comes with obesity. As such, this research paper also provides factual host of information in battling and treating obesity. Nonetheless, it is seen evident that the issue of obesity is one of the serious health problems that are in need of proper attention.